ABSTRACT: In the Isolation and Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hotel swimming pools in Enugu urban which is the topic of this project. Work as done on functional swimming pools in Enugu urban. In the analysis water samples was collected each time in a sterile bottle designed for the collection of water samples. The following media were used for the analysis of the water for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MacConkey, Nutrient and blood agar. From the experiment it was discovered that macConkey agar was the best medium for the isolation of different strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the course of this work, different other microorganisms were also isolated along side with the pseudomonas earuginosa. However, it will be worthy also to note that some of the sample were negative (there was no growth). The occurrence of pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganism in each sample from different swimming pools depends on the sanitary quality and also the position of the pool earlier work had shown that the pools at hospital environment contain more strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa than those swimming pools found in hotels. However there is no swimming pool in any of the hospitals in Enugu urban base on that this work is limited on the swimming in the hotels.
The samples worked on were collected from the following hotels.
(1) Presidential Hotel, Zodiac Hotel, Soil Plaza. Nike Resort Hotel, Sport Club Enugu.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Aims and Objectives 6
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
Material and Method 23
CHAPTER FOUR
Results and Discussion 39
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation 46
5.1 Recommendation 46
5.2 Conclusion 48
References 49
CHAPTER ONE
Swimming pools are man made (artificial) surface water. Most swimming pool (private and public) are large of reciculatory type. The pool is initially filled with water of drinking quality and regularly tottered and chlorinated (Lehretal 1980). The microbiological, physical and chemical problem of swimming pool water differ from those inherent in water supplier and sewage disposal.
Water in swimming places and particularly in public swimming pools may be a health hazard. Swimming pools and surrounding areas may be involved in the transmission of infections of the eye, nose and throat, infections of the intestinal tract, and the spread of athlete’s foot, impetigo and other dermatoses. These facts together, with the extensive increase in the use of public pools, make it imperative that constant attention will be given to the sanitary quality of the water (Pelezer et al 1983).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been incriminated as one of the causes of some of these infections that are transmitted through swimming pool. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently present in inflamed external auditory canal and may be pathogenic there, particularly in swimmers and divers. Our breaks of pseudomonas skin and ear infection sometimes occur among users of swimming pools and heated whirlpool baths with inadequate chlorination, D.C. Tuxk et al (1983). Pseudomonas aeruqinosa is a species of bacterium belonging to one of the largest group of strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic and gram – negative organism called pseudomonads. It is also pigmented asporogenous oxidative, stender rods motile by monotrichous flagella and of the family pseudomonadaceae and order pseudomonadales. These pseudomonds are among the most metabolically versatile known organism capable of utilizing as many as different organic compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy Wolfgang and Helda (1973). Unlike members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa derives energy from carbonhydrate by an oxidative rather then fermentative metabolism (Auquid et al 1978).
The natural habitat of pseudomonas aeruginosa is the soil and water although it is isolated frequently from the foliage of plants and from the stool of small percentage of individuals. It is an opportunistic pathogen and only establishes infection in individual with severely lowered natural resistance such as victims of severe burns or cancer patients who have been treated with highly toxic and immuno suppressive drugs or contricosteroids as described by Duquid, 1983.
Other species of pseudomonas pseudomonas which are human pathogen include pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomalli.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect almost any external site or organ in the body as reportd by young 1947 and his Coleaques. It is also unique among human pathogens in that it infect not only vertebrates both warm and cold – blooded, lower animals, terrestrial and aquatic including insects. It even infect plants occasionally destroying a tobacco and sugar cane crops. In general community infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa are mostly mild and superficial eg otitis externa, such conditions are often chronic but not disabling. The spectrum of clinical disease produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa ranges from urinary tract infection to septicemia, pneumonia meningitis, infected ulcer or bed sores, infected burns eye infection and infection of drainage site resulting from surgery or trauma. The most frequent infection are of wounds respiratory and urinary tract but the organism has been isolated from virtually and type of specimen and location has little invasive power. In addition it is also an important pathogen for children with cystic fibrosis.
A major characteristic of this organism is its high resistance to almost al antibiotic. This not only impedes who were in contact with lenses, since pseudomonas aeruginosa can grow in the sterilized solution used for overnight storage of the lenses Dallars and Hugh (1972). If the cornes is scratched or otherwise slightly damaged, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of destroying vision in a few hours as optthalmologists are all aware. Its presence has been reported by many workers in cosinetics eye medicaments several ophthalmic solution causing eye ulcers as reported by Brow (1975).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa does not produce acid from lactose, sucrose, saccharose or sorbitil but ferments mannitol, grows at 420C liquefies gelatine and reduces nitrate. Mere presence of gelatinase, nitrate, reductase and urease are presumptive evidence for the organism in apyocinogenic strain. The organism is resistance to most antimicrobial agents, making it dominant and important when more susceptible bacteria of the normal flora is suppressed (Jawetz et al 1978). However polymycin, carbeniculling and gentamucin are effective in treating the infection.
Typing of strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa by serology, pyocin or phage provides and outstanding epidemiological tool, pyocin (aeruginosans) are the bactericin of pseudomona aeruginosa is antibiotic substance produced by particular strain of the species which has the characteristic property of being lethal for other strains of the species or closely related species (Govean 1978). There are different types of pyocins ad these include S.R and F. types E. and F types do not diffuse readily into solid media and their action is restricted to the area beneath or immediate to the zone of growth of the producer strain while 5 types produce a wide zone of inhibition on solid media pyocin sensilive strains are killed following the attachment of pyocin to specific receptors on the cell surface.
This present work is aimed at studying in detail the Isolation and Identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa from swimming pools in Enugu urban with regards to their morphology, biochemical and nutritional activities, pyocin types and antiogram.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To identify the presence of pseudomonas aeruginosa associated in swimming pools.
To ascertain the type of treatment that can be given to some hotel swimming pools.
To know the type of infection that can be contaminated by using swimming pool.
To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates.
The level of contamination of swimming pools has been one of the problems facing human society and the impact is actively felt in our society in all countries. When swimming pool are inadequate treated, swimmers became susceptible to infections of the skin, nose, throat and eyes which could give rise to such diseases as impetigo, conjunctivitis, scabies, atheletics foots, swimmer itch, influenza poliomyelitis and ring worm.
HO Pathogenic microorganisms are present in the swimming pool
HI Pathogenic microorganisms are not present in the swimming pool
JUSTIFICATION
This work centers on enlightening the users of swimming pool (swimmers) the dengers in the swimming to advice the hotel management the need for the treatment of pool. It will also educate the public that one can contact disease by the use of untreated swimming pool.
1.4 LIMINATION
This project work is limited to isolation and identification of pse
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