The study on anaemia in pregnancy was aimed at determining Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Haemoglobin (HB) level and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) of pregnant women as well as the severity, significance of maternal age, educational level, occupation and gestational age to the occurrence of anaemia in pregnancy managed, diagnosed and admitted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. The result showed that most of the patient had moderate to severe anaemia and that the cases were commonest in the age range 25 – 29 years. Most of the patients were housewives and low level civil servants who lived in middle and lower class residential areas ad who had no formal education. It was discovered that he normal values for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) tests was male = 0 – 5 mm/hr, female = 0 – 7mm/hr, for Packed Cell Volume (PCV) test is male 35 – 45 ml, female 32 – 35ml while normal value for Haemoglobin (Hb) is 11.5g/dl.
Anaemia in pregnancy was seen to occur most commonly in the third trimester. It occurred all through the year, but mostly in the wet season and had the greatest positive association with malaria and nutritional deficiency. Anaemia in pregnancy was seen not to be rampant in our today’s society due to the small number tested positive in the practical work conducted at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. Anaemia in pregnancy was also seen not to have any effect on birth weight of babies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and Objectives 4
1.2 The Limitation of Study 5
1.3 Hypothesis 6
1.4 Justification 6
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 7
CHAPTER THREE
Materials/Method 18
1.1 Collection of Samples 18
1.2 Determination of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) 19
1.3 Determination of Haemoglobin (Hb) 19
1.4 Determination of Erythrocute Sedimentation
Rate (ESR) By Westergren’s Method. 20
1.5 Method of Data Collection 20
1.6 Method of Data Analysis 22
CHAPTER FOUR
Results 23
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion 32
CHAPTER SIX
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2 Recommendation 37
5.3 Action by the Government 38
5.4 Action by the Community 38
5.5 Action by the Health Workers 39
5.6 Action by the Individuals 39
Reference 41
Appendix 43
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: Distribution of pregnant women by age
TABLE 2: Mean age distribution of patients
TABLE 3: Distribution of patients according to their
Occupation
TABLE 4: Distribution of patients according to their educational level
TABLE 5: Distribution of patiens according to severity
TABLE 6: Distribution of patients according to gestational age
TABLE 7. Distribution of cases according to associates conditions
TABLE 8: Relationship of incidence of aneamia in pregnancy to outcome of patients
TABLE 9: Relationship of incidence of Anaemia in pregnancy to Birth weight of Baby
TABLE 10: Result of PCV, Hb and ESR tests at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: Histogram showing age distribution of pregnant women
FIGURE 2: Bar chart-showing distribution of patients according to their occupation
FIGURE 3: Pie chart-showing distribution of patients according to their occupation
FIGURE 4: Bar chart showing distribution of patients according to their literacy level
FIGURE 5. Pie chart showing distribution of patients according to severity
FIGURE 6: Bar chart showing distribution of cases according to associated condition
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Anaemia is a common disorder in pregnancy. The definition gives by World Health Organization (WHO) shows that haemoglobin level of less than 11.5g%. Signifies anaemia, but in Nigeria it is regarded as the haemoglobin of less than 10.5g% or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of less than 23%. Between January 1955 and April 1957, anaemia was directly instrumental for over 20% of all the maternal deaths from antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal sepsis. The type of anaemia encountered in the pregnant women are identical with those encountered in the non-pregnant. However, there is no doubt that the increased nutritional and metabolic demands of pregnancy and the fact that for many women, it is the first time they come under detailed medical scruting, has the effect both of increasing the incidence and altering the patte
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