ABSTRACT
This work deals extensively with the design and construction of an electronic dice display (EOD) with audio unit. The device displays the of a hudo dice in numberical form and also produces sound as it displays the number. The device works with principle of chance employee by ludo game players. The output of the display is usually very rapid that the player does actually sex the number when the device is switched on so that it will purely be a game of chance. When the off key is pressed, a patellar number is displayed and this number is the number, the player got.
The operation of the device starts by the generation of a pulse frequency. The pulse frequency (square wave signal) generated by times (555 times) by connecting in an instable multibibrator. The output from this timer is used in clocking the binary counter (mod to counter) but this counter is biased to count just from zero through six (0-6) as we have in a lodo game dice. To achieve this bias in the mod 10 counter, the output from Qo, Q1 and Q2 were connected to the riset prins so that once the counter finishes the count of six or goes back to zero. The result from the binary counter is then fed to the decoder driver before connecting it to seven segment so that the decoder will be able to covert the binary values to the decinal values that are being used in the ludo game dice. The seven segment then displays the numbers by lighting the diodes that make up that particular value.
This device is being regulated by a latch (4-edge triggered flipflope) which has two switches, one is used for putting the power supply and the other two push switches for the working of the dice display.
The organization of this work is in seven chapters: the first on the introducing; the second is on the literature review; the thiod on the design of the system; the fourth deals with the construction (implementation); fifth on the testing and result (documentation); sixth on packaging and the seventh on the recommendation and conclusion.
The first chapter: introduction give a general view of what the electronic dice display (EDD) with audio unit is all about, it lists the components required, its aims and objectives, scope, limitations, problems and purpose of study.
The second chapter: literature review explains the different component, that make up the system, their makeup and how they operate.
The third deals on the design of the system, descrises vividly each component of the system, their operating modes, specifications and applications, schematic diagram of the system showing independent modules which function together to make up the system.
Construction, the fourth chapter deals with the actual construction of the system, the design requirement, theory of functioning of each module system, breakdown of the module specification and construction. Calculations and careful selection of the component values of each module are detailed in this chapter.
The fifth chapter which is on the documentation deals on the general description of the work, provides ease of maintenance and usage of the system.
Packaging, the sixth chapter lists the factors that were taken into consideration in the design and construction of the package.
The seventh and the last chapter, recommendation and conclusion gives a general view of what is conversed and the importance of this device. It also suggested certain areas for further studies.
Fig 1.1 capacitor diagram
Fig 1.2 seven segment diagram
Fig 3.01 block schematic diagram of an electronic dice display
Fig 3.02 block schematic diagram of an audio unit
Fig 3.03 555 timer schematic circuit diagram
Fig 3.04 555 timer block diagram
Fig 3.05 555 timer configuration
Fig 3.06 pin-out connection of a 555 timer
Fig 3.07a 555 timers in astable mode
Fig 3.07b timing diagram
Fig 3.08 Jk flip flop symbol
Fig 3.09 delay flip-flop from Jk flip-flop
Fig 3.10a delay flip-flop from JK flip-flop
Fig 3.10b D flip-flop timing diagram
Fig 3.11 D type flip-flop in TTL
Fig 3.12 Quad-and gate symbol
Fig 3.13a Circuit block diagram of a digital counter
Fig 3.13b Output wave forms
Fig 3.14a circuit block diagram of mod 10 counter
Fig 3.14b output wave forms
Fig 3.15 Mod 6 counter using decade counter
Fig 3.16 functional logic diagram of BCD to decimal decoder
Fig 3.17 seven segment display layout arrangement
Fig 3.18 seven segment display connections
Fig 3.19 BCD to seven segment block diagram
Fig 3.20 7447 BCD to seven segment decoder driver functional
Fig 4.01 top view of 7414
Fig 4.02 counter configuration for the 7490A
Fig 4.03 top view of 7474
Fig 4.04 top view of SN 7447
Fig 4.05 top view of common unode display
Fig 5.01 output wave of 555 timers
Table 3.2 delay flip-flop forms flip-flop
Table 3.4 and logic gate truth table
Table 3.5 table of counter output in various forms.
Table 3.7 bid to seven segment decoder truth table
Table 4.1a BCD count sequence
Table 5.0 procedure chart
Table 5.1 system flowchart
Table 6.0 program design
Table 6.1 program flowchart
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 purpose of study 2
1.2 Aims and objectives 2
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 9
CHAPTER THREE
Description and Analysis of the Existing System 15
Organization structure 16
Objectives of the existing system 17
CHAPTER FOUR
Design of the New System 18
Output specification and design 20
Input specification and design 29
File design 38
Procedure chart 39
System flow chart 41
System requirement 42
CHAPTER FIVE
Implementation 47
Program flowchart 49
CHAPTER SIX
Documentation 51
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation and Conclusion 53
7.1 Recommendation 53
7.2 Conclusion 53
Reference 55
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Instrumentation engineering has advanced widely with the introduction of medium scale integration (MSI), large scale integration (LSI) and very large scale intergration (VLSI). For purpose of accuracy and reliability, analogue instruments are being replaced by the digital ones. The electronic dice display (DD) with audio unit is among this new bread of instruments.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The design of an electronic dice display is invented because of the quest for reducing strenuous activities encountered by man, especially in the area of its recreational activities. This device is used in indo game. The indo game in its manual operation can be manipulated by the experts so that it can no longer be a game of chance. Sometimes players can employ tricks on their opponents when playing the game, for example, of the both players are not vigilant, one of them can event thoart the dice and claimed that nothing happened. The players too may get tired after playing two or three times because of the stress in shaking and playing the dice, the frequent hitting of the dice’s can on the ludo board can even give cracks in the glass covering the ludo board. One can even experience the dice getting cost in the game because the dice is very small so if care is not taken it can fall out from the board. All these problems were taken into consideration before constructing the electronic dice display.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
As stated earlier, the design of this device is to help man conguer his environment with the advent of medium scale integration (MSI), integrated circuits (IC) can be used to design devices. That can help man perform his work effectively, with little or no stress and even sometimes at a cheaper into. The devices too will eradieated all the stress, tricks and pranks encounted when playing ludo game.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The device will in crease the fun derived in play the game, even little kids can now join since they only need to press buttons for the device to work. The game will now be prvely based on chance because all bias will be eradicted no expert can manipulate the device no mater how many times you use it. The normal phenomenon of playing tricks will be in thing of the past.
SCOPE
The work covered the playing and displaying of the number got. This means that the device when switched on and start button is pressed it will be rapidly displaying the numbers, that is, all the numbers of a ludo dice but when the stop button is dressed a particular number will be shown and this is the number the player got. This means that the player still needs to get a ludo board and the seeds for the game.
LIMITATIONS
It will be an unfair treatment to this project of the discussion of limitations that handicapped this important research work is overlooked. Hence it is considered necessary for it will be a stepping stone for the improvement in further work. The work is limited to just playing and displaying of the number got and the generation of sound though enyshasis was not laid on the sound system. Part of the limitations in this project is as a result of their non-inclusion in the scope while others are due to constraints. The design specification was to achieve an electronic dice display that can display from 1-6. also the system is not protected from wrong voltage supplies. Voltage polarities wrongly connected or supplies greater than the specified supply voltage will damage the system.
Most of the constraints were due to lack of tests with detailed information on the theory and the practice of electronic dice display (EDD). As 90% of the components are povety digital, they are not readily available on the market, some of the components especially the transistors used in sound display were not found in the market so I was forced to use the equivalents as specified in the data book and when some of these components are found they are usually very expensive. Another problem was lack of equipment in to departmental laboratory for the execution and monitoring of the project, some of the equipment used in the other department market were bad and gave false result. The oscilloscope used was not supplicated enough to display very low frequency outputs of about 1Hz. Also lack of textbooks was another major problem. The few books seen treated components of dice display so shallowly. This calls for designing and redesigning till a working circuit was realized.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
And gate: it is a circuit which gives a high outputs (i.e logic 1= high and logic 0= low, if all inputs are high. An and gate is represented by a dot to indicate that it is a multiplicateion.
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