ABSTRACT
Central banks are general known to be concerned with the maintenance of monetary stability. This task involves the regulation of money in circulation consistent with the absorphic capacity of the economy axiomatically, excessive growth in money supply rates to high rates of spending on domestic or foreign goods given that domestic supply of goods and services in essentially in elastic in the short run, excess liquidity is likely to result in substantial inflationary is likely to result in substantial inflationary pressures in the economy. To the extent that spending pressures are directed towards foreign goods or (assets0 balance of payment pressures will ensure. Thus, the task of monetary authorities is to ensure that the growth in the domestic liquidity is consistent with the objectives of out-put growth, inflation and the balance of payments. This at any given time the CBN would ensure that supply of money is sufficiently optimal to sustain non-inflationary out-put rate and exchange rate stability. One of the strategies of achieving this objectives is through the adoption of the liquidity management policies / techniques which afford the CBN, the use of monetary policy instrument to influence bank reserve and consequently the growth in money supply. The ability of the central bank to effectively control domestic liquidity depends interaction the level of the economic development particularly the state of its financial system the number and types of policy instruments available to the central banks and degree of harmonization between monetary and fiscal policies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Population
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Analysis of response to questionnaire
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Recommendations
Questionnaire
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The growth and development of international trade along West African coast played a major role in extending the medium of exchange beyond trade by barter in the nineteenth century.
The ‘’native currency’’ system which relied on item such as manila, cowries, brass and copper rods had to accommodate foreign currencies such as Maria Theresa dollar and British silver coins increased trade motivated the setting up of the Bank of British West African [BWA] in 1894, thereby drastically reducing the barter system and ushering in a rudimentary form of commercial banking.
The issue of legal tender currency for the West African region was however deferred till 1912 when the west African currency Board [WACB] was established. The WACB was an offshoot of the recommendation of the EMMOE committee set up by the then secretary of state the Rt. Ifon. Lewis Harcourt. The WACB retained the services of the BBWA as its currency distribution agent. It set up four currency centers in Lagos [Nigeria] and Bathurst, now Banjul [the Gambia]. The currency in circulation in West Africa increased steadily through the 1950s in response to the growing demand and increase in the World price for West African primary products such as cocoa, groundnuts and palm oil.
The WACB, however, did not have discretionary control over the money stock of the territories under the money stock of the territories under its sphere of influence. It was set up primarily to promote the influencing of export trade. Specifically, it was changed with the issue of a West African currency, the repatriation of such currencies and the investment of reserves. There was a fixed parity between the local currency and the British pound while the currency had 100 percent sterling banking. The reserves were invested in British and this way facilitated Nigeria’s international payment. As the WACB was automatically linked to the British system, the investment policy was rather conservative in the sense that sterling reserves were invested only in Britain. Moreover, the WEACB could not engage in monetary management, neither were Nigeria’s trained in the art. In order to eliminate this deficiency and promote the growth of the domestic money and capital markets, especially as the country marched toward political independence in 1960, the CBN was established by the central Bank Of Nigeria Act of 1958.
The bank commenced business on 1st July 1959 with an initial capital equivalent to N30 million. The legal framework of the central bank has been strengthened over time to address lapses in financial system prior to the enactment of 1958 central Bank act the banking system in Nigeria was largely unregulated. Initial attempt in 1952 at streamlining the practice to banking to ensure monetary stability through the enactment of the banking ordinance did not quite address the problem. The spate of bank failures could not be stemmed, thus the central Bank Act of 1958 was enacted to formally establish a central monetary authority that would perform the traditional roles of a central bank. The 1969 Banking Act and its amendment, which defined the business of banking and stipulated penalties for banking malpractice further strengthened legal framework.
To further strengthen the supervisory capacity of the bank, the central bank of Nigeria decree No. 24 and Bank and other financial, Institutions [Bofi] Decree N.25 of 1991 were promulgated. The Bofi Decree among other provisions centralize the functions of licensing as well as regulation of banks and other financial institution in the bank.
The current legal framework within which the CBN operates in the central Bank growth in economics development is one of the many problems facing the Nigerian economy through these problems manifesting themselves in most developing countries and yet this gets worsened with the military rule, Nigeria is a typical area in point. Hence the essence of this research is to examine the topic ‘‘THE ROLE OF CBN IN STABIBILISING NIGERIA ECONOMY’.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.
The objective of this study shall be;
To ascertain why the CBN is yet to stabilize the Nigeria economy with instrument (s) of monetary and fiscal policies with their objectives and role they play in the stabilization of the economy. Also the study shall also look at why the economy of Nigeria needs to stabilize and problems facing CBN in stabilizing Nigeria economy and to make recommendations where necessary
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
a Why is it that our economy is yet to developed
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