ABSTRACT: Due to the falling standard of education especially in our tertiary institution of learning the study was based on analysis on handout and generally student’s attitude towards them. In view of this, primary data was used in the study to obtain data from the student by the use of questionnaires. The following methods of analysis are employed, chi-square lest, population proportion and percentage and analysis of variance (ANOVA) The justification of this research less in the fact that handout should not be an alternative to lecture note, it should be a mean to the end and not the end itself. Also handout has a significant effect on the academic performance of student in the real sense, but the price of handout should not be made too exboitant by the lectures.Based on these, it would be our belief that this research work will help in the control of the falling standard of education in Nigeria. as a whole.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
CHAPTER FUR
The General Format Chi-Square Test Using contingency table
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary Of The Finding Conclusion And Recommendations
References
Appendix
Safety on our road has become an important task in Enugu State because of higher density of traffic and high level of mortality on our roads. The road safety commission in Enugu state in charge with the responsibility for traffic control, regulation and prevention of road accident in the state and its conventional law enforcement tasks.
This research is purely based on secondary data indicating the note and magnitude of road offenders recorded in Enugu State within a specified period.
The recent prescription order on the sale of handouts in an institution of higher learning of the government was greeted with mixed feeling. How was design to strengthen the willing performance of students and the falling standard of education in our country. However the direct benefactors (students) in this issue were indifferent to the decision of those that are in authority.
Consequently this research work is being designed to reveal among other thing.
The data used in this project work is both primary and secondary data
(i) Method of sampling
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The historical development of education in Nigeria shows much difference between the present mode and policies of education than the 1950’s and 1960’s.
These were few primary and secondary schools than as well as few institutions of higher learning’s. These were also few students than and this was the colonial administration eva in Nigerian. Lectures were very effective because of appropriate control in the few universities and polytechnics /teachers training colleges.
In addition, the textbooks were mainly foreign most of them were from the United Kingdom. They were cheap and easy to procuse. Most of the textbooks were ordered for and received on schedule for a particular subject.
Students were taught to be good ambassador of their various villages and taken, so as to be good representative of their areas of origins.
Qualitative education was being giving then, student craved for knowledge and not studying only to pass examinations in schools. Reading was under conducive environments.
The present stage can be termed as the quantitative type of education. Where there are quantitative backgrounds necessitated building in numberable primary schools, post primary schools as institution of higher learning both in towns and villages. Worse still is the creation of more states, which has increased the numbers of universities and polytechnics.
Numbers of student admitted into each department yearly are now too many for lecture to control and supervise. The classroom became inadequate to accommodated students who intend to receive lectures yet mega-phones were not used to magnify anchor for the benefit of innumerable students who struggle to listen to the lectures in the classroom.
In the process many students return from lecture center with many complain of not benefiting from lecture delivered. The final consequence is poor result in quizzes and examination which may not be the fault of the students.
As a result of this complains some of the wise lecture thought it necessary to put their lectures in printing form and distribute to student to read at home for proper understanding of the subject under study. They do this, by extracting facts from relevant works of exports.
This is the advert of handout into the educational system of Nigeria. This has become so popular for the institutional procedures and almost inevitable handout according to oxford English Dictionary is a prepared statement given eg leaflet, statements by politicians to news men etc. Given free of changes as a gift of food, money and other items. This means, that handout is supposed to be free gift from the lecturers to the students as aid to effective learning. Developing counties have experienced the benefit of distant education offered by the overseas universities to students by the use of handouts issued by raid examine and Nigeria exams success Yaba Lagos to students offering G.C.E in time past.
Handouts are quite handy and easy to glance through by the students. Easy assimilation and easily retentive. They are cheap to precuve and save the students from stressful search for textbooks, which are highly costly to but, especially at this current economic recession in Nigeria.
But in this present days, the basic aim of handout introduction into institution of higher learning is being abused. Handouts have become sources of wealth to many lectures, who had made it compulsory for students to buy at high prices without which the students want to fail, they resort to demanding higher expenses from their parents and guardian in order to meet up. Where parents cannot meet up demands, students are now forced to involve in social problems.
On the other hand, since buying of the handouts by students is criteria of passing the quizzes and examinations, students refuses to make research from textbooks and concentrate on handouts. This lead to poor quality turns out of graduates from universities and polytechnics.
In other words, instead of the student to exploit the benefits that is offered by handouts, some complain about being exploited by lectures through the issues handout to them.
The main issued now is to find out the actual attitude of students towards the use of handouts in institution of higher learning in Nigeria. This is the main theme of this work
The main aim of education is to acquire knowledge in institution of all dimensions. The effectiveness of the acquisition of knowledge institution is been measured by the level of passes in quizzes and examination. Qualitative and effective lecturer which is well understood by students makes the success in quizzes and examination easy. And study aids in which handouts feature prominently are essential to elevate the student’s success through quizzes and examinations. Introduction of handout has a very good intentions on students, but the high cost of the handouts is making students to have mixed feeling parents and guardians of student complain abut the exploitation of students by lecturers through handouts. On the other hand, lecturers have to cover the cost of material used in the production of the handouts. Our major issue now in this study is to know the cost-benefit analysis so as know the attitude of students towards the use of handout either justifiable or not justifiable.
The recent prescription order on the sales of handouts in institution of higher learning by the government was greeted with mixed feelings. How it was design to strengthen the dwinding performance of students and falling standard f education in our country. However the direct benefactor (students) in this issue was indifferent to the decision of those that are in authority.
Consequently this research work is been designed to reveal among others things
The study would be of a great help to the students, lectures and even the general public. It would serve as a guide to institutions of higher learning, for effective dynamic and smooth running of schools. However the research work is meant to:
This project was seriously constrained by a number of factors, the most pronounced of which were time and money.
TIME: Time was by far the most important hindrance to this work. Since we were tied down with serious studies for our examinations, this research was not given the most appropriate or enough treatment possible. So far this, the assertion that time is money, seems to have us in contemplation. We had to work seriously round the clock to make this work possible.
MONEY: We strongly believe that money makes things go easier. Limited funds at that particular time also posed some threats to the realisation and completion of this work.
Going to libraries for days, meeting and pleading with students to fill the questionnaires in time since they felt it was very close to examination period, it couldn’t take out time from their light schedule to do such.
The typesetting and binding the finding into booklet all demanded a lot in monetary terms.
We assume accurate and reliable data and figure and at the end of this study. We would be able to know the merit and demerit of the use of handout in our great institution f higher learning (I.M.T) and it using attitude from school to the others.
SAMPLING: This is the act of selecting some unit from a population for purpose of study.
Chi-square test: It is a use of contingency table in a classification of frequency data on the basis of two or more quantitative characteristics or attributes
Analysis of variance (ANOVA): A method used for partitioning the total variation of a set of observation into component due to specified factors.
Degree of dependent: This is the use of coefficient of contingency to measure the degree of association between two characteristics which are show to be independent.
Frame: The frame is a comprehensive listing of the entire unit in a population each unit having a unique identification number vangying saying from 1 to N
A contingency table: is a classification of all “n” items in a sample on the basis of the level of two cosmord attribute found on each item for instance student may be classified according to level of aca
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