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ABSTRACT

            For comparative research on soap and detergent, both product were produced. In the production process ratio 2:1 of blended oil and caustic soda was used. The blended oil comprises of acid oil and palm kernel oil. Builders and additives were also added to increase the cleansing and qualities of the products. These builders and additives include sodium silicate, bodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide, perfume and colourants. A comparative test were carried out on the soap and the detergent produced. The analytical test carried out on the products include: determination of moisture content, foamabilion test, free caustic acid test, free fatty acid test, pH value alycerol content and signification value. The results obtained from the analysis were tabulated for easy understanding and comparasim of both soap and detergent product produced.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE                                                                             

Introduction                                                                                        1

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review                                                                                 4

CHAPTER THREE

Experimental procedure                                                                      25

CHAPTER FOUR

Experimental result                                                                             42

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion                                                                                           43

CHAPTER SIX

Conclusions                                                                                         45

Recommendation                                                                                47

Appendix                                                                                                        49

Reference                                                                                                        54

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

            Soap and detergent are products which are commonly used in various homes and industries for domestic and industrial purpose respectively. Soap is a classical example of determine (cleaning agent) but different from detergent in processes of manufacture and chemical composition. Determine contains among other material of production surface active substance which enhances the cleaning action of water by penetrating and breaking up the oily or soiled film that binds dirt particles. This substance is also known as wetting agent which helps which helps to make the dirt float off.

            Since both soap and detergent are both cleaning agent, for efficiency and quality reasons there is need for comparative research on both soap and detergent powder. The basic raw material for manufacturing of both soap and detergent is caustic soda or caustic potast and fats or oil in a chemical process called sponification which yields glycerol as a by-product.

 

OBJECTIVE      

            The motive of this project is to distinctively indicate the different qualities of soap and detergent. Through this process, a method of production that will yield an improved soap and detergent will be created.

 

SCOPE

            Since both detergent and toilet soap are made of he same basic raw material which are caustic soda and fat or oil, the project work will include production of both detergent and soap, comparing the different production process, and analysis on the product produced.

 

METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

            In manufacturing detergent and soap from neutal fats and oils or from fatty acids, either batch or continuous methods may be employed. The choice of method and raw materials to be used depends on a member of factors which include:

1. Quality of product desired.
2. Facilities available for soap making and glyceiol recovery.

The final quality of detergent product depends to a great extent upon the handling and processing of stocks. Whatever method of manufacture of employed, therefore the two basic phases in detergent making include production of mlten detergent and shaping of he molten detergent into finish product.     

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