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FACTORS AFFECTING POWER OUTAGE IN NIGERIA

 

CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction

1.1    Background of the study

 

Electricity plays a vital role in modern society. It is about the greatest invention of man. A country becomes a 24 hours society because of the level of power (Electricity available). Nigeria needs to get to that level so that we can begin to move into the league of developed nations. There is no excuse for power failure because it is possible to have uninterrupted power several countries in the world (both developed and developing). The Nigeria power sector operates well below its estimated capacity with power outage being a frequent occurrence. According to Power Holding Company Nigeria (PCHN), the years ago was 7,600 megawatt (MW) but the actual generation capacity was 3,600 megawatt (MW).

The discrepancy between electricity demand and actual generation is mostly due to low water levels, unavailability of gas to power the turbines and the inadequate plant maintenances that pervades every PHCN installations all over the country. Presently electricity generation capacity fluctuates between 2,600MW and 3,600 MW. Despite the fact that this level of power generation mi Nigeria, one of the major problems facing the present situation and which will affect any future development is the distribution of the final sub-circuit from 11,000/400 volt system that have proved mo overall assessment). It is very challenging in that almost 35% (if not more) of the power available at this level/point is lost due to wastage.

Most substation and electrical networks in Nigeria were established in the 50’s and 60’s. with some upgrading are still functional till today with its attendant poor performance and epileptic power delivery, which has now become the headache of Power Holding Plc (PHCN). The aim of this paper is to address this level of poor power optimal level that will help industries and other domestic facilities to operate efficiently and effectively.

A. Cost of power

The cost of power loss should not only be seen as the initial cost of outlay and installation but the cost of lost businesses and revenue accruing to government and individuals.

B. Wastage of power generated through distribution In this paper, discussions will emphasis the improvement that can be achieved from the area of distribution (11KV/415V) because the wastage occurring through distribution is enormous. The distribution system is particularly important to an electrical utility for two reasons: It’s close proximity to the ultimate customer and Its high investment to the customer.