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                                                                                            TITLE PAGE

                       DUEPROCESS IN GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTINGTHE PROCEDURES, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

                                                         A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE, ENUGU

PERFACE

To me, the issue of due process in Nigeria whether in accounting or in any other professional administration is synonymous with the issue of incessant corruption in Nigeria system of Governance which was gradually becoming a norm in the society, among the political and Administrative office holders within the system. Quoting from – Government and public sector Accounting by Ani and Ugwu, “Good governance is basically about integrity efficiency, effectiveness and economy of government in managing public affairs and meeting its expectations of the society “ The citizens of every nation demands this good governance especially in the use of public treasury Nigeria have not had such good governance because of poor state of stewardship of resources and neglect for the rule of law. Consequently, the developmental potentials of the economy have been compromised; financial heedlessness has been promoted through inflated cost of government expenditures and peoples confidence in the government administration have been reduced to the lowest level.

        African leaders have been identified with huge signs of mismanagement, self-centeredness and fraud accountability. Through, these are not peculiar to African leaders alone but can be said to be more pronounced in the African environment.

Nigeria is one among the countries in Africa, which have been identified with bad governance and poor state of stewardship of resources and neglect for the rule of law. Since 1960 when Nigeria got independent till date, no government has ever taken it as a point of duty to attend to public needs through an uncompromised system of leadership, rather, they see political and administrative offices as an avenue for rewarding party loyalist siblings and those who have co-operated with them in secluding their enormous.

In the bid to change the negative perception and ordeal, the government of president Olusegun Obansanjo in his 200 AD Budget speech announced the plan to setup a Department, known as, National price intelligent Database, under the unit of Budget monitoring and price inelegancy unit to be headed by a renowned Economist and Accountant Dr Obiageli Ezekwebili.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction/Background of the study

1.1   Statement of problem

1. Objective of the study
2. Significance of the study
3. Research hypothesis
4. Scope of the study
5. Limitation of the study
6. Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

1. Literature Review

2.1   Procedures for due process

1. Basis of law in Government Accounting
2. Due process Guidelines
3. Features of due process
4. Due process and Accountability
5. Problems of due process
6. Prospects of due process

CHAPTER THREE

1. Research methodology

3.1   Research design

1. Research population
2. Sample size
3. Method of data collection
4. Description of questionnaire
5. Method of data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

1. Presentation of data

4.1   Analysis of data

1. Test of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

1. Summary of findings
   1. Recommendation
   2. Conclusion

Appendix 1. Questionnaire

               2.  Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

The issue of dueprocess was originally highlighted by the presidential adviser on Budget monitoring and price intelligence unit (BMPIU) with the head Adviser as Dr. Obiageli Ezewesili. This unit operates under the presidency. The process delves more on the award of Government capital project contracts. It ensures that there are transparency, accountability and professionalism in the award and execution of capital project contracts.

The present Government in its aspiration of ensuring effective system of awarding capital project contracts developed dueprocess guidelines, under the leadership of Dr. Oby Ezekwesile who was then head budget monitoring and price intelligency unit. Award of all government capital projects will be made certain professional standard and execution must meet the standard as well, and within the time stipulated for the projects, this was to reduce the idea of collecting mobilization fund and abandoning the project and waiting for another regime to come in and re-award the same project, social elites in short, it was to reduce comption and ensure that the projects is cost- benefited and that the general public are aware.

1. HISTORY OF DUE PROCESS IN NIGERIA

Since the inception of budget monitoring and price intelligence unit, a lot may have been said to be achieved considering the level of economical development, the award of government capital project contracts and its maintenance the history of due process in Nigeria came like a revolution that needed commitment, determination and obeisance to the rule of law, if it must survive. Due-process have seen to be applied basically by the federal Executive council in the award of contracts. Award from capital project being checkmated by (BMPUL), the EFCC is also checkmating those who are sabotaging the financial economy as well as the ICPC for political and public abuses of offices and social miss behaviour from the federal ministry of finance to all ministries, agencies, parastatals and Para- ministerial, are gradually adhering to due process policy, though, corruption is still on the high, statistics shows  that Nigeria is 88% corrupt, this means that virtually all is corrupt. Due process was introduced in Nigeria to ensure compliance to the rule of law in awarding capital projects contracts, ensuring that funds are no-longer directed in the name of capital projects execution and to ensure that specifications are followed. About 60% of the country’s assets are purely public sector driven and the only way to ensure that the country’s assets do not liquidate or becomes a mirage, is by the introduction of a high- powered checking unit, hence, budget monitoring and price intelligency unit.

www.Efcc.Nig.com, corrupt practices statistic, made a significant recommendation by their present activities

1.1   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Basically, the application of accounting policies, principles conventions and bases are primarily to maintain and uphold the integrity of accounting information because of its economic value. Dueprocess simply means doing things results. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the procedures problems and prospects of due process accounting in Nigeria. In identifying the procedures, the basis of laws was sighted, due process guidelines and features of due process accounting. The research questionnaire helped to a certain level in funding answers to some questions like, what do you understand as dueprocess, the implications and applications of dueprcess were asked as well as other relevant questions. Larger parts of the answer came from secondary data, Textbooks Internet, Newspapers, Journals Magazines etc. 

1.2   OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

identifying the areas through which corruption has crept into the society, through not an easy task, but more task full is proffering solutions to the problems identified, hence problems identified, halfway solved, to this regard, the objective of this study shall cut across the procedures, problems and prospects of dueprocess in Government accounting as in the case of Nigeria , preferable, Enugu state Ministry of finance.

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Most often, we make frantic efforts in order to carryout research work, we are at-time commended, sometimes rebuked but almost all the time, the essence of the research would be defeated either by poor or non-implementation of the outcome of the research.  It is my hope that dueprocess shall be implored in all facets of the country’s economic and political areas. And as well, the Nigeria Higher Institutions to be mentioned in a unique way is IMT Enugu, Nigeria.

1. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Akuezuilo (1995) defined research hypothesis as “ an intelligent or education guess of an answer to the problem of the research under investigation “ it is however an answer which have no evidence supporting it to solve the problems postulated in this study and the following research hypothesis. 

1. Chi-square
2. Charts-(i) pie charts
3. Table presentation and analysis
   1. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this study is to identify the procedures of dueprocess in Government Accounting, it problems and its prospects. I shall limit my study to the above mentioned areas. Having noted  that problems identified are  halfway solved I have provided background of the study as well as what the international bodies says about dueprocess, towards the and of the chapter, I tried to see problems inherent in the mechanism of dueprocess and I equally preferred solution to those problems. The research is purely for academic purpose.

1. RESEARCH FORMULATION

In trying to form the research hypothesis, I depicted the positive impact of dueprocess in the Accounting profession and its impact on the citizenry by adding or reducing Economic value:

H      The universal  formular used here are

Hi =  where the subject matter is positive

Ho = where the subject matter is negative

Research formulation

1.     Hi =  Dueprocess in Government Accounting has helped        

                in proper accounting management of information .

        Ho =Dueprocess in Government Accounting has not      

helped in proper accounting management of information

2.     Hi =  Application of dueprocess mechanism has an        

economic value implication of increasing he standard of living of the citizenry.

        Ho = Application of dueprocess mechanism have no      

economic value implication of increasing the standard of living of the citizenry.

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
2. Dueprocess is the application of the principles of transparency, competency or qualification and competition or equal opportunity to cell in the conduct and award of federal government contracts to ensure that the winner, the cost and the quality are justified for the money spent.
3. Government : Government is the group of people that controls a country.
4. Accounting is the process of rendering stewardship for resources managed.
5. Procedures these are laid-down rules guiding the administration of any project.
6. Problems: setback both manifesting and yet to manifest in the activities of carryout a project.
7. Prospects: these are opportunities and advantages open for such projects.
8. Government Accounts: This is the system through which government renders stewardship for resources they managed.
9. Accounting concept: This is the broad based assumption underlying the preparation of financial statements of an enterprise.
10. Budget: since large amount of money are usually involved, the, the government units prepare an operational budget and incorporate it directly into the financial report and into the system of accounts as were useful. Such a budget indicate the estimated revenues for the next period, the estimated expenditures referred to as appropriations that must be met by the revenues, and other sources of financing which may be necessary.
11. Revenue: This is government term for income it is normally, to add to assets or decrease in liabilities, this gives way to residual equity fund Government revenues include: Taxes, fees for payments charges for services rendered, interest received etc.
12. Expenditures: outflows or commitments for outflows of working capital include those changes that related to the current fiscal period as well as capital outlays and provisions for debt retirements.
13. Award of contract: Is an authority to embark on project being approve by the government for the sake of consideration (payments).
14. Tender: Detailed analysis and description of how to embark on a project. Documented and submitted to the approved board.