GENDER INEQUALITY AND WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS: GENERAL ELECTION IN NIGERIA
(CASE STUDY OF KADUNA STATE)
ABSTRACT
The study is to assess the gender inequality and women participation in politics: 2011 General election in Nigeria, a case study of Kaduna state. The scope of the study was restricted to the 2011 general elections in Kaduna state. A total of 110 questionnaires were used, only 100 were recovered successfully. The questionnaire was analysed using statistical and frequency tables, bar chart and pie chart. The objective of the research also (a) assesses the nature of women participation in politics at the 2011 general elections in Kaduna state (b) and identify the disadvantages associated with the women failure in 2011 general elections(c)To identifies the cost of running electioneering campaign which was high in the 2011 general elections. The methodology was through the use of both primary and secondary data form. The findings suggests that economic disadvantage plays a key role in the poor performance of women in the 2011general elections. The recommendation suggested that in order to ensure active participation of women in politics, government and political parties should increase the level of awareness of women by organizing seminars, workshops not only in the cities but also in the villages.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 11
2.2 Gender Inequality - - - - - - - - 11
2.1.1 Women and Education in Nigeria - - - - - 15
2.1.3 Women and Political Participation in Nigeria - - - 18
2.1.4 Women and Development - - - - - - 18
2.2 Marginalization of Women in Power - - - - - 21
2.3.1 The Theory of Sexism - - - - - - - 25
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 History of Political Participation of Women in Kaduna State 32
3.2 The Women Participation in the First and Second Republic 33
3.3 The Women Participation in the Third and Fourth Republic 35
3.4 Women Participation in 2011 General Election in Kaduna State 39
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 42
4.2 Respondents’ Characteristics - - - - - - 42
4.3 Analysis of Data - - - - - - - - 45
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - 52
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 53
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - 56
Appendix - - - - - - - - - 58
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Though history has it that fewer women have been in power even before colonialism. Instances are the Queen of Daura, the Sarauniya of Zazzau in pre-jihad, the Angwu Tsi who was almost the counterpart of the King, with her own Palace, in the middle belt, Iyayun the Queen who ruled in fifteenth century in Oyo, after the death of her husband (Modupe, 2001).
Though from the foregoing, it will be seen that very, very few women have had the opportunity in a leadership position, yet in every one or single case of women, there are several hundreds of the male counterparts.
Sexism has become a major problem in Nigerian politics. Women have been politically considered endangered species and their low participation in Nigerian government and politics is often associated with culture, religious, economic constraint and male chauvinism. The African society in general and Nigerian society in particular has placed most of the leadership roles on the men folk, thereby championing the course of gender inequality.
Economically, some feminist perceive women’s marginality in the conduct and management of the public affairs as arising from their entrenchment of the globalized capitalists relations of production. The traditional society did not recognize the contributions of women in any decision making process. The women are carefully ignored in any important meeting of the family, community and even in government establishments. Till today, community development meetings
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