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INFLUENCE OF FEEDING PATTERN ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN (5-10 YEARS) IN MGBIRICHI

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                      INTRODUCTION

       Nutritional status is the physical health exhibited by a person or group of persons, because of the quality of food nutrients they consumed, which have been properly utilized for body functions (Ononiju, 1983). In other words, it is the state of balance in the individual between the nutrient intake and the nutrient expenditure (Encyclopedia of Food and Culture 2003). Through proper assessment, it can be judged on how well or how poor a particular group or individual feeds. Whatever knowledge that is gathered by assessment, helps the group or individual to set up or lower its off intake for better health. Some of the factors that affect the nutrition status of a group are regional availability of foods, socio-economic conditions, religion, food habits, poverty age of the family members, preparation facilities and cooking skills.

 

 

       With the rate of increase in population unemployment and poverty, people are unable to afford the necessary foods and food nutrient, therefore many children do not eat the right kinds of food that will provide them with the required amount of nutrient, which is a resultant effect of malnutrition. World food report (1983) stated that in 1982 the world’s population rose by about 1.8 percent, while food production increased by 2.2 percent. In this case, children’s nutritional situations will be raised. Failure to provide the right food for the required nutrient if prolonged, will result in stunted growth, low weight, high mortality rate, mental retardation, poverty and ignorance on the part of the parents will also lead to the above-mentioned conditions even if there is enough food that will supply the required nutrients.

 

 

       When children are subjected to a prolonged period of malnourishment, they become susceptible to diseases, and certain nutritional condition is seen in their lives, such as kwashiorkor, which is caused by a deficiency of protein, Marasmus caused by a deficiency of food, Anaemia, caused by a deficiency of iron; Rickets, caused by the deficiency of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, poor vision caused by the deficiency of vitamin A. In developing countries, there have been many cases of these disease mentioned above Nnanyelugo (1980) in his survey found out that children in southern Nigeria exhibited severe growth retardation for age. He stated that in one of the developing countries, it was reliably estimated that there are 23,000 cases of Kwashiorkor on any given day and that in Nigeria, it has been estimated that 8,000 children may die from malnutrition before the age of 4 years. A recent nutritional survey carried out in and outside this country by WHO (2011) has proved that many categories of individuals, especially the vulnerable groups, of which the pre-school children is one, are malnourished.

 

       In the Anthropometric measurement of these pre-schoolers, it was observed that the heights of the children which are given the required nutrients are greater than those who are malnourished. It was also revealed that malnutrition often leads to the poor mental and physical development of children which mighty debar from achieving their desired potentials (Ten States Nutritional Survey 1999).

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